Julia

Julia is a high-performance, high-level, dynamic programming language.

Distinctive aspects of Julia’s design include a type system with parametric polymorphism in a dynamic programming language; with multiple dispatch as its core programming paradigm. Julia supports concurrent, (composable) parallel and distributed computing (with or without using MPI and/or the built-in corresponding to “OpenMP-style” threads), and direct calling of C and Fortran libraries without glue code. Julia uses a just-in-time (JIT) compiler that is referred to as “just-ahead-of-time” (JAOT) in the Julia community, as Julia compiles all code (by default) to machine code before running it.
Wikipedia

Julia Modules

We currently offer the following Julia versions:

JGU HPC Modules
------------------- /cluster/easybuild/broadwell/modules/all -------------------
   lang/Julia/1.5.3-linux-x86_64    lang/Julia/1.6.3-linux-x86_64
   lang/Julia/1.6.0-linux-x86_64    lang/Julia/1.7.0-linux-x86_64 (D)

One can use a specific version with the following command:

module load lang/Julia/1.6.0-linux-x86_64

or the current default module with:

module load lang/Julia

Pkg - Julia’s Package Manager

Pkg is Julia’s built-in package manager that performs tasks such as installing, updating and removing packages.

Pkg - Usage

Initially, you need to load a Julia Module on a MOGON service-node, e.g. with:

module load lang/Julia

For package installation, we will use the REPL (read-eval-print loop) that comes built-in to the julia executable. Start Julia by using:

julia

from the command line. Now start the Pkg REPL (Pkg also comes with a REPL) by pressing ], upon entering the Pkg REPL, the command line prompt should like:

(1.6) pkg>

We will use the package Dates ( Dates ) to illustrate what the general procedure for installing packages is:

(1.6) pkg> add Dates

you should get an output similar to:

(v1.6) pkg> add Dates
   Resolving package versions...
    Updating `/gpfs/fs1/home/<username>/.julia/environments/v1.6/Project.toml`
  [ade2ca70] + Dates
  No Changes to `/gpfs/fs1/home/<username>/.julia/environments/v1.6/Manifest.toml`

Let’s check the successful installation: First we display the status of the packages in our standard project:

(v1.6) pkg> status

Depending on which packages you have already installed, you should get an output similar to the following:

(v1.6) pkg> status
      Status `/gpfs/fs1/home/<username>/.julia/environments/v1.6/Project.toml`
  [6e4b80f9] BenchmarkTools v0.7.0
  [052768ef] CUDA v3.0.3
  [7a1cc6ca] FFTW v1.3.2
  [da04e1cc] MPI v0.17.2
  [91a5bcdd] Plots v1.11.2
  [d330b81b] PyPlot v2.9.0
  [ade2ca70] Dates
  [de0858da] Printf
  [9a3f8284] Random

This indicates that Dates has been successfully installed, but let’s check and confirm this with Pkg

(v1.6) pkg> test Dates
     Testing Dates
      Status `/tmp/jl_cb9pkw/Project.toml`
  [ade2ca70] Dates `@stdlib/Dates`
  [b77e0a4c] InteractiveUtils `@stdlib/InteractiveUtils`
  [de0858da] Printf `@stdlib/Printf`
  [8dfed614] Test `@stdlib/Test`
      Status `/tmp/jl_cb9pkw/Manifest.toml`
  [2a0f44e3] Base64 `@stdlib/Base64`
  [ade2ca70] Dates `@stdlib/Dates`
  [b77e0a4c] InteractiveUtils `@stdlib/InteractiveUtils`
  [56ddb016] Logging `@stdlib/Logging`
  [d6f4376e] Markdown `@stdlib/Markdown`
  [de0858da] Printf `@stdlib/Printf`
  [9a3f8284] Random `@stdlib/Random`
  [9e88b42a] Serialization `@stdlib/Serialization`
  [8dfed614] Test `@stdlib/Test`
  [4ec0a83e] Unicode `@stdlib/Unicode`
     Testing Running tests...  
[ ... ]
Test Summary:               | Pass  Total
Conversions to/from numbers |   19     19
     Testing Dates tests passed

The installation was sucessful and Dates can now be included in .jl file via the following line:

using Dates

You can now add any packages from the Standard Library to Julia, but please note the following:

Package Dependencies

Some Julia packages require you to load pre-requisite dependencies as modules before you can add the via Pkg.add!

This is also illustrated again by the following examples CUDA and Plots.

Pkg - Commands

In the Pkg REPL you have the following commands available to manage packages:

Command	Result	Comment
`add`	Adds a Package	It is possible to ad multiple packages in one command `add A B C`
`test`	Run Tests for a Package
`build`	Explicitly run the build step for a Package	`build` is automatically run when a package is first installed with `add`
`rm`	Removes Package	Removes only that package in the project. Tto remove a package that only exists as a dependency use `rm --manifest DepPackage`. Note that this will remove all packages that depend on `DepPackage`.
`up`	Update Package and all dependencies	The Flag `--minor` updates only the minor version of packages reducingthe risk to break projects.
`status`	Print out the status of the project/manifest.

Installing packages using Pkg adds them to the default project at ~/.julia/environments/<JuliaVersion>. However, it is also possible to work with Environments in Julia and create own projects , precompiling a project and even using someone else’s project

Pkg - CUDA

Julia’s CUDA.jl package is the main entrypoint for programming on NVIDIA GPUs using CUDA. The Julia CUDA stack requires a functional CUDA-setup, which includes the NVIDIA Driver and the corresponding CUDA toolkit. These are either available as module or already integrated into the MOGON GPU nodes. To be able to use CUDA.jl with Julia, you only need to proceed as follows.

module load system/CUDA/11.0.3-GCC-9.3.0
module load lang/Julia

Now start Julia with the following command

julia

and then change to the Pkg REPL with ], the command line prompt should now look like:

(v1.6) pkg>

We are now ready to add CUDA via

(v1.6) pkg> add CUDA

You are now ready to use CUDA.jl with Julia on MOGON. Take a look at our GPU section below for easy approach to CUDA.jl on MOGON.

Pkg - Plots

Plots.jl is a visualization interface and toolset for powerful visualizations in Julia. Here we explain how to add the Plots.jl package to Julia and set up the backend PyPlot. Log in to MOGON and load the following modules on a service-node first:

module load lang/SciPy-bundle/2020.03-foss-2020a-Python-3.8.2
module load vis/matplotlib/3.2.1-foss-2020a-Python-3.8.2
module load lang/Julia

Open Julia by executing the following command after the modules have been successfully loaded

julia

now enter the Pkg REPL by pressing ], the command line prompt should look like:

(v1.6) pkg>

First, the actual packages are added and then the backend is configured. Install Plots.jl with:

(v1.6) pkg> add Plots

now set the backend to pyplot with:

(v1.6) pkg> add PyPlot

Afterwards, test the successful installation with:

(v1.6) pkg> test Plots

and

(v1.6) pkg> test PyPlot

The Julia Standard Library

An overview of available packages for Julia can be found in the Julia Documentation and JuliaLang Github Repo . The most noteworthy packages are (aka. you will probably install them at some point):

Package	Comment
Random
CUDA
LinearAlgebra
Printf
MPI
BenchmarkTools
FFTW

Submitting a Serial Julia Job

println("Hello MOGON!")

#!/bin/bash
#SBATCH --partition=smp
#SBATCH --account=<mogon-project>
#SBATCH --time=0-00:01:00
#SBATCH --mem=512 #0.5GB
#SBATCH --ntasks=1
#SBATCH --job-name=julia_serial_example
#SBATCH --output=%x_%j.out
#SBATCH --error=%x_%j.err

module purge
module load lang/Julia

julia hello_mogon.jl

cat julia_serial_example_*.out

Hello MOGON!

Submitting a Parallel Julia Job

Julia offers two main possibilities for parallel computing: A multi-threading based parallelism, which basically is a shared memory parallelism and distributed Processing, which parallelizes code across different Julia processes.

Multi-Threading

The number of execution threads is controlled either by using the -t/--threads command line argument or by using the JULIA_NUM_THREADS environment variable. When both are specified, then -t/--threads takes precedence.
Julia Documentation, Multi-Threading

Therefore, to start Julia with four threads, you must execute the following command:

julia --threads 4

But let’s explore the basics of Julia’s multi-threading capabilities with an example:

Threads.@threads for i=1:20
    println(Hello MOGON! The Number of iteration is $i from Thread $(Threads.threadid())/$(Threads.nthreads()))
end

#!/bin/bash
#SBATCH --partition=smp
#SBATCH --account=<mogon-project>
#SBATCH --time=0-00:02:00
#SBATCH --mem-per-cpu=1024 #1GB
#SBATCH --nodes=1
#SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=1
#SBATCH --cpus-per-task=6
#SBATCH --job-name=smp_julia
#SBATCH --output=%x_%j.out
#SBATCH --error=%x_%j.err

module purge
module load lang/Julia

julia --threads $SLURM_CPUS_PER_TASK hello_mogon_smp.jl

Once the job is finished, you can display the result with the following command:

cat smp_julia_*

The output should be similar to the following lines:

Hello MOGON! The Number of iteration is 5 from Thread 2/6
Hello MOGON! The Number of iteration is 9 from Thread 3/6
Hello MOGON! The Number of iteration is 15 from Thread 5/6
Hello MOGON! The Number of iteration is 10 from Thread 3/6
Hello MOGON! The Number of iteration is 11 from Thread 3/6
Hello MOGON! The Number of iteration is 12 from Thread 4/6
Hello MOGON! The Number of iteration is 16 from Thread 5/6
Hello MOGON! The Number of iteration is 17 from Thread 5/6
Hello MOGON! The Number of iteration is 6 from Thread 2/6
Hello MOGON! The Number of iteration is 13 from Thread 4/6
Hello MOGON! The Number of iteration is 7 from Thread 2/6
Hello MOGON! The Number of iteration is 14 from Thread 4/6
Hello MOGON! The Number of iteration is 1 from Thread 1/6
Hello MOGON! The Number of iteration is 8 from Thread 2/6
Hello MOGON! The Number of iteration is 2 from Thread 1/6
Hello MOGON! The Number of iteration is 3 from Thread 1/6
Hello MOGON! The Number of iteration is 18 from Thread 6/6
Hello MOGON! The Number of iteration is 4 from Thread 1/6
Hello MOGON! The Number of iteration is 19 from Thread 6/6
Hello MOGON! The Number of iteration is 20 from Thread 6/6

Distributed Processing

Starting with julia -p n provides n worker processes on the local machine. Generally it makes sense for n to equal the number of CPU threads (logical cores) on the machine. Note that the -p argument implicitly loads module Distributed Julia Documentation,
Multi-processing and Distributed Computing

@everywhere begin
    using LinearAlgebra
    a = zeros(200,200);
end

slurm_cores = parse(Int, ENV["SLURM_CPUS_PER_TASK"])
slurm_tasks = parse(Int, ENV["SLURM_NTASKS"])

println("Number of requested Slurm Tasks is: ", slurm_tasks)
println("Number of requested Slurm CPUs per Task is: ", slurm_cores)

println("Number of available Julia Processes: ", nprocs())
println("Number of available Julia Worker Processes: ", nworkers())

calctime = @elapsed @sync @distributed for i1:200
                a[i] = maximum(abs.(eigvals(rand(500,500))))
           end

println("With ", slurm_cores, " CPUs per Task the calculation took ", calctime, " seconds.")

#SBATCH --partition=smp
#SBATCH --account=<mogon-project>
#SBATCH --time=0-00:03:00
#SBATCH --mem-per-cpu=4096 #4GB
#SBATCH --nodes=1
#SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=1
#SBATCH --cpus-per-task=2
#SBATCH --job-name=dist_julia
#SBATCH --output=%x_%j.out
#SBATCH --error=%x_%j.err

module purge
module load lang/Julia


julia --procs $SLURM_CPUS_PER_TASK parallel_julia_example.jl

cat dist_julia*.out

[ ... ]
With 2 CPUs per Task the calculation took 34.029345377 seconds.

CPUs per Task	Runtime (s)
2	34.03
4	19.27
6	14.58
8	12.02

Using MPI with Julia

Of course, you can also use MPI with Julia on MOGON. This requires you to first carry out the following setup for Julia and the MPI interface MPI.jl.

Julia MPI Setup

First, Julia must be configured for the use of MPI. For this purpose the MPI Wrapper for Julia is used. Log in to one ouf our Service-Nodes and then load Julia and the desired MPI module via:

module load mpi/OpenMPI/4.0.3-GCC-9.3.0
module load lang/Julia

Next, you need to build the MPI package for Julia with Pkg:

julia -e 'ENV["JULIA_MPI_BINARY"]="system"; using Pkg; Pkg.add("MPI"); Pkg.build("MPI", verbose=true)'

The output should be similar to the following if installation and build was successful:

[ ... ]
[ Info: using system MPI                             ]  0/1
┌ Info: Using implementation
│   libmpi = "libmpi"
│   mpiexec_cmd = "mpiexec"
└   MPI_LIBRARY_VERSION_STRING = "Open MPI v4.0.3, package: Open MPI Distribution, ident: 4.0.3, repo rev: v4.0.3, Mar 03, 2020"
┌ Info: MPI implementation detected
│   impl = OpenMPI::MPIImpl  2
│   version = v"4.0.3"
└   abi = "OpenMPI"

1 dependency successfully precompiled in 3 seconds (140 already precompiled, 1 skipped during auto due to previous errors)

Julia MPI Example

Now that MPI and Julia have been set up correctly, we can proceed to the example.

using MPI

MPI.Init()
comm = MPI.COMM_WORLD
my_rank = MPI.Comm_rank(comm)
comm_size = MPI.Comm_size(comm)

println("Hello MOGON! I am Rank ", my_rank, " of ", comm_size, " on ", gethostname())

MPI.Finalize()

#!/bin/bash
#SBATCH --partition=parallel
#SBATCH --account=<mogon-project>
#SBATCH --time=0-00:02:00
#SBATCH --mem-per-cpu=2048 #2GB
#SBATCH --nodes=2
#SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=8
#SBATCH --job-name=mpi_julia
#SBATCH --output=%x_%j.out
#SBATCH --error=%x_%j.err

module purge
module load mpi/OpenMPI/4.0.5-GCC-10.2.0
module load lang/Julia

export JULIA_MPI_PATH=$EBROOTOPENMPI

srun julia -- hello_mogon_mpi.jl

cat mpi_julia_*.out

Hello MOGON! I am Rank 9 of 16 on z0278.mogon
Hello MOGON! I am Rank 2 of 16 on z0277.mogon
Hello MOGON! I am Rank 11 of 16 on z0278.mogon
Hello MOGON! I am Rank 12 of 16 on z0278.mogon
Hello MOGON! I am Rank 15 of 16 on z0278.mogon
Hello MOGON! I am Rank 10 of 16 on z0278.mogon
Hello MOGON! I am Rank 13 of 16 on z0278.mogon
Hello MOGON! I am Rank 8 of 16 on z0278.mogon
Hello MOGON! I am Rank 14 of 16 on z0278.mogon
Hello MOGON! I am Rank 1 of 16 on z0277.mogon
Hello MOGON! I am Rank 3 of 16 on z0277.mogon
Hello MOGON! I am Rank 5 of 16 on z0277.mogon
Hello MOGON! I am Rank 4 of 16 on z0277.mogon
Hello MOGON! I am Rank 0 of 16 on z0277.mogon
Hello MOGON! I am Rank 6 of 16 on z0277.mogon
Hello MOGON! I am Rank 7 of 16 on z0277.mogon

Submitting a Julia GPU Job

Before you start parallelising with Julia on MOGON GPUs, you need to prepare your Julia environemnt for the usage pf GPUs, as we explaind earlier in the Article about CUDA.jl. After successfully setting up CUDA.jl, you can directly start utilising the advantages of GPUs. We have given some examples below to make it easier for you to start using Julia on MOGON GPUs and to somewhat reflect the advantages of GPUs.

CPU/GPU Bandwidth and Read+Write Speed

The test estimates how fast data can be sent to and read from the GPU. Since the GPU is plugged into a PCI bus, this largely depends on the speed of the PCI bus as well as many other factors. However, there is also some overhead included in the measurements, in particular the overhead for function calls and array allocation time. However, since these are present in any “real” use of the GPU, it is reasonable to include them. Memory is allocated and data is sent to the GPU using Julia’s CUDA.jl package. Memory is allocated and data is transferred back to CPU memory using Julia’s native Array() function.

The theoretical bandwidth per lane for PCIe 3.0 is $0.985 GB/s$. For the GTX 1080Ti (PCIe3 x16) used in our MOGON GPU nodes the 16-lane slot could theoretical give $15.754 GB/s$[^1].

using LinearAlgebra
using Plots
pyplot()
using BenchmarkTools
using Printf
using CUDA
using Random

sizes = 2 .^ (14:30);
timeSend = Array{Float64}(undef, length(sizes));
timeGather = Array{Float64}(undef, length(sizes));
sendBandwidth = Array{Float64}(undef, length(sizes));
gatherBandwidth = Array{Float64}(undef, length(sizes));
memoryTimesCPU = Array{Float64}(undef, length(sizes));
memoryTimesGPU = Array{Float64}(undef, length(sizes));
memoryBandwidthGPU = Array{Float64}(undef, length(sizes));
memoryBandwidthCPU = Array{Float64}(undef, length(sizes));

for i = 1:length(sizes)
    GC.gc(true)
    numElements = convert(Int64, sizes[i] / 8);
    cpuData = rand(0:9, (numElements, 1));
    gpuData = CuArray{Float64}(rand(0:9, (numElements, 1)));
    # Time to GPU
    timeSend[i] = CUDA.@elapsed CuArray(cpuData);
    # Time from GPU
    timeGather[i] = CUDA.@elapsed Array(gpuData);
    sendBandwidth[i] = (sizes[i] / timeSend[i] / 1e9);
    gatherBandwidth[i] = (sizes[i] / timeGather[i] / 1e9);
    memoryTimesGPU[i] = CUDA.@elapsed CUDA.@sync gpuData .+ 1;
    memoryBandwidthGPU[i] = 2*(sizes[i] / memoryTimesGPU[i] / 1e9);
    memoryTimesCPU[i] = @elapsed cpuData .+ 1;
    memoryBandwidthCPU[i] = 2*(sizes[i] / memoryTimesCPU[i] / 1e9);
end

@printf("Achieved peak send speed of %.1f GB/s \n", maximum(sendBandwidth))
@printf("Achieved peak gather speed of %.1f GB/s \n", maximum(gatherBandwidth))
@printf("Achieved peak read+write speed on the GPU: %.1f GB/s \n",maximum(memoryBandwidthGPU))
@printf("Achieved peak read+write speed on the CPU: %.1f GB/s \n",maximum(memoryBandwidthCPU))

p1 = plot(
    sizes,
    sendBandwidth,
    lw = 2,
    legend = :topleft,
    xaxis = ("Array Size (bytes)", :log10),
    xlims = (10^4, 10^9),
    frame = true,
    label = string("Send to GPU (Peak:",round(maximum(sendBandwidth),digits2)," GB/s)");
);
plot!(p1, sizes, gatherBandwidth, lw = 2, label  string("Gather from GPU (Peak:",round(maximum(gatherBandwidth),digits=2)," GB/s)"));
plot!(p1,yaxis = ("Transfer speed (GB/s)"));
plot!(p1,title = ("Data Transfer Bandwidth"));
plot!(p1,minorxgrid = true, ylims  :round);
scatter!(
    [sizes[argmax(sendBandwidth)], sizes[argmax(gatherBandwidth)]],
    [maximum(sendBandwidth), maximum(gatherBandwidth)],
    label = "",
    marker = (10, 0.3, [:blue, :red]),
);

p2 = plot(
    sizes,
    memoryBandwidthGPU,
    lw = 2,
    legend = :topleft,
    xaxis = ("Array Size (bytes)", :log10),
    xlims = (10^4, 10^9),
    frame = true,
    label = string("GPU (Peak:",round(maximum(memoryBandwidthGPU),digits2)," GB/s)");
);
plot!(p2,sizes, memoryBandwidthCPU, lw = 2, label  string("CPU (Peak:",round(maximum(memoryBandwidthCPU),digits=2)," GB/s)"));
plot!(p2,yaxis = ("Speed (GB/s)"));
plot!(p2,title = ("read+write Bandwidth"));
plot!(p2,minorxgrid = true, ylims  :round);
scatter!(
    [sizes[argmax(memoryBandwidthGPU)], sizes[argmax(memoryBandwidthCPU)]],
    [maximum(memoryBandwidthGPU), maximum(memoryBandwidthCPU)],
    label = "",
    marker = (10, 0.3, [:blue, :red]),
);

p3 = plot(p1,p2, layout  grid(2, 1, widths=[1]), size(600,700));

savefig(p3, "gpu_rw_perf_result.png")

The job script is pretty ordinary. In this example, we use only one GPU and start Julia with four threads. To do this, we request one process with four cpus for multithreading:

#!/bin/bash
#SBATCH --account=<mogon-project>
#SBATCH --job-name=gpu_rw
#SBATCH --output=%x_%j.out
#SBATCH --error=%x_%j.err
#SBATCH --partition=m2_gpu
#SBATCH --gres=gpu:1
#SBATCH --time=0-00:10:00
#SBATCH --mem=11550
#SBATCH --ntasks=1
#SBATCH --cpus-per-task=4

module purge
module load lang/SciPy-bundle/2020.03-foss-2020a-Python-3.8.2
module load vis/matplotlib/3.2.1-foss-2020a-Python-3.8.2
module load system/CUDA/11.0.3-GCC-9.3.0
module load lang/Julia

julia --threads 4 gpu_rw.jl

The job is submitted with the following command

sbatch julia_gpu_rw_job.slurm

The job will be finished after a few minutes, you can view the output as follows:

cat gpu_rw*.out

The output should be similar to the following lines:

Achieved peak send speed of 8.9 GB/s
Achieved peak gather speed of 4.4 GB/s
Achieved peak read+write speed on the GPU: 334.0 GB/s
Achieved peak read+write speed on the CPU: 5.7 GB/s

The Julia script also generates a plot, which we would like to show here:

GPU Perf Result

Memory Intensive Operations

You might be familiar with this example if you stumbled upon our MATLAB article or read it on purpose. At this point we would simply like to restate what we originally took from the MATLAB Help Center :

For operations where the number of floating-point computations performed per element read from or written to memory is high, the memory speed is much less important. In this case the number and speed of the floating-point units is the limiting factor. These operations are said to have high “computational density”.
A good test of computational performance is a matrix-matrix multiply. For multiplying two $N times N$ matrices, the total number of floating-point calculations is $$ FLOPS(N) = 2N^3 - N^2 $$
Two input matrices are read and one resulting matrix is written, for a total of $3N^2$ elements read or written. This gives a computational density of $(2N - 1)/3$ FLOP/element. Contrast this with plus as used above, which has a computational density of $1/2$ FLOP/element.
MATLAB Help Center, Measuring GPU Performance

The difference to our MATLAB article is of course the adaptation to native Julia code. But even so, we have made a few alterations due to the use of the Julia language. When defining vectors or arrays, we have purposely chosen Float32, since GPUs are faster when working with Float32 than with Float64. In addition CuArrys are by default Float32, as well as functions like CUDA.rand or CUDA.zeros.

using LinearAlgebra
using Plots
pyplot()
using BenchmarkTools
using Printf
using CUDA

sizes = 2 .^ (12:2:28);
N = convert(Array{Int128,1}, sqrt.(sizes))

timeCPU = Vector{Float32}(undef, length(sizes));
timeGPU = Vector{Float32}(undef, length(sizes));
for i = 1:length(sizes)
    # First on the CPU
    An = rand(Float32, N[i], N[i])
    Bn = rand(Float32, N[i], N[i])
    timeCPU[i] = @elapsed An * Bn
    GC.gc(true)
    # Now on the GPU
    Ac = CUDA.rand(N[i], N[i])
    Bc = CUDA.rand(N[i], N[i])
    timeGPU[i] = CUDA.@elapsed Ac * Bc
    GC.gc(true)
    CUDA.reclaim()
end


gflopsCPU = (2 * N .^ 3 - N .^ 2) ./ timeCPU / 1e9;
gflopsGPU = (2 * N .^ 3 - N .^ 2) ./ timeGPU / 1e9;
@printf(
    "Achieved peak calculation rates of %.1f GFLOPS on CPU, %.1f GFLOPS on GPU ",
    maximum(gflopsCPU),
    maximum(gflopsGPU)
)

plot(
    sizes,
    gflopsCPU,
    lw = 2,
    legend = :topleft,
    xaxis = ("Matrix size (numel)", :log10),
    xlims = (10^3, 10^9),
    frame = true,
    label = string(
        "CPU (Max: ",
        round(maximum(gflopsCPU), digits = 2),
        " GFLOPs @Xeon E5-2650v4)",
    ),
);
plot!(
    sizes,
    gflopsGPU,
    lw = 2,
    label = string(
        "GPU (Max: ",
        round(maximum(gflopsGPU), digits = 2),
        " GFLOPs @GTX 1080Ti)",
    ),
);
plot!(yaxis = ("Calculation Rate (GFLOPS)"));
plot!(title = ("Double precision matrix-matrix multiply"));
plot!(minorxgrid = true, ylims  :round);
scatter!(
    [sizes[argmax(gflopsCPU)], sizes[argmax(gflopsGPU)]],
    [maximum(gflopsCPU), maximum(gflopsGPU)],
    label = "",
    marker = (10, 0.3, [:blue, :red]),
);
savefig("gpu_perf_result.png")

The job script is quite ordinary. In this example, we only use one GPU and start Julia with four threads. For this we request one process with four CPUs for multithreading.

#!/bin/bash
#SBATCH --account=<mogon-project>
#SBATCH --job-name=gpu_perf
#SBATCH --output=%x_%j.out
#SBATCH --error=%x_%j.err
#SBATCH --partition=m2_gpu
#SBATCH --gres=gpu:1
#SBATCH --time=0-00:10:00
#SBATCH --mem=8192
#SBATCH --ntasks=1
#SBATCH --cpus-per-task=4

module purge
module load lang/SciPy-bundle/2020.03-foss-2020a-Python-3.8.2
module load vis/matplotlib/3.2.1-foss-2020a-Python-3.8.2
module load system/CUDA/11.0.3-GCC-9.3.0
module load lang/Julia

julia --threads 4 gpu_perf.jl

You can submit the job by simply executing:

sbatch julia_gpu_perf_job.slurm

The job will be completed after acouple of minutes and you can view the output with:

cat gpu_perf*.out

The Output should resemble the following lines:

Achieved peak calculation rates of 140.4 GFLOPS on CPU, 10134.1 GFLOPS on GPU

The graphic generated in the script is shown below:

GPU Perf Result

Last updated on September 4, 2024 from Felix Schlapp

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Julia

Julia Modules

Pkg - Julia’s Package Manager

Pkg - Usage

Pkg - Commands

Pkg - CUDA

Pkg - Plots

The Julia Standard Library

Submitting a Serial Julia Job

Submitting a Parallel Julia Job

Multi-Threading

Distributed Processing

Using MPI with Julia

Julia MPI Setup

Julia MPI Example

Submitting a Julia GPU Job

CPU/GPU Bandwidth and Read+Write Speed

Memory Intensive Operations

Julia

Julia Modules#

Pkg - Julia’s Package Manager#

Pkg - Usage#

Pkg - Commands#

Pkg - CUDA#

Pkg - Plots#

The Julia Standard Library#

Submitting a Serial Julia Job#

Submitting a Parallel Julia Job#

Multi-Threading#

Distributed Processing#

Using MPI with Julia#

Julia MPI Setup#

Julia MPI Example#

Submitting a Julia GPU Job#

CPU/GPU Bandwidth and Read+Write Speed#

Memory Intensive Operations#

Julia Modules

Pkg - Julia’s Package Manager

Pkg - Usage

Pkg - Commands

Pkg - CUDA

Pkg - Plots

The Julia Standard Library

Submitting a Serial Julia Job

Submitting a Parallel Julia Job

Multi-Threading

Distributed Processing

Using MPI with Julia

Julia MPI Setup

Julia MPI Example

Submitting a Julia GPU Job

CPU/GPU Bandwidth and Read+Write Speed

Memory Intensive Operations